Research also offers solutions for addressing under-enrolled schools aside from closing them altogether.

Michael Schill resigned from Northwestern University last week, concluding a turbulent three-year tenure marred by political pressure and campus protests.

As Trump pressures elite universities, HBCUs are seeing more Black students drawn to campuses that affirm their history and identity. But limited financial aid remains a major challenge.

More Texas universities are turning to politicians to lead their systems, preferring political clout over academic credentials.